parece que tu sistema no esta soportado por el driver
[ 40.667608] NVRM: The NVIDIA GPU 0000:01:00.0 (PCI ID: 10de:0407) installed
[ 40.667609] NVRM: in this system is not supported by the 260.19.06 NVIDIA Linux
[ 40.667611] NVRM: graphics driver release. Please see 'Appendix A -
[ 40.667612] NVRM: Supported NVIDIA GPU Products' in this release's README,
[ 40.667613] NVRM: available on the Linux graphics driver download page at
[ 40.667614] NVRM:
http://www.nvidia.com.
[ 40.667620] nvidia: probe of 0000:01:00.0 failed with error -1
[ 40.667648] NVRM: The NVIDIA probe routine failed for 1 device(s).
[ 40.667650] NVRM: None of the NVIDIA graphics adapters were initialized!
[ 41.013682] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
parchaste tu kernel o algo ultimamente ,es raro q ubuntu no sea soportado
A mi me parece que el problema que se especifica en esa sección no es que no soporte Ubuntu, sino que el driver que instalaste (260.19.06) no soporta tu GPU (aka tu tarjeta de video), me parece que instalaste la versión incorrecta del driver NVIDIA, metete a la pagina de NVIDIA y en la sección de drivers busca por modelos el que corresponde a tu tarjeta.